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Technical Documents - Documentos Técnicos: How solar energy works ? - ¿Cómo trabaja la energía solar?

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How solar energy works ?

Solar energy technologies use the energy that comes from the sun. Inside the sun, hydrogen atoms combine to make helium, and the process produces the extreme amount of heat that is felt on Earth. The core of the sun has a temperature of 36,000,000 °F (20,000,000 _ C). The surface of the sun, called the photosphere, has a temperature of 10,000 _ F (5,538 _ C). The energy that the sun creates has to travel 93,000,000 miles (150,000,000 kilometers) to reach the surface of Earth.

People on Earth do not feel the full force of the sun, because Earth's upper atmosphere blocks out much of the sun's thermal power. This power, sometimes called radiation, is spread out when it hits the water vapor, molecules of gas, and clouds that surround Earth. The sunlight that does reach the ground is called direct radiation or beam radiation. If the sunlight hits something before reaching the ground, it is called diffuse radiation.

The amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of Earth is more than ten thousand times the amount of energy used by the world already. A significant amount of the sun's radiant energy, about 69 percent, is reflected back into space by such things as clouds, ice found on the ice caps, land, and bodies of water. Of the energy that is absorbed by Earth, about 70 percent of the absorption is done by the oceans. Solar energy helps keep the oceans from freezing and pushes their currents. It also prevents Earth's atmosphere from freezing.

Current solar technology

Solar technologies can be divided into passive systems or active systems. Passive solar energy projects only employ the sunlight; no other forms of energy are used. Active solar energy systems employ additional mechanisms such as pumps, blowers, or generators to apply or add to the solar energy created. Active systems often make electricity or heat. Solar water heating systems can be either active or passive.

Passive solar systems

Passive solar systems are primarily concerned with the design of buildings, homes, and lighting. Passive solar design focuses on the placement of the home or building and on windows, ventilation, and insulation to cut down on the need for electricity by using the sun. The home or building is designed to maximize the potential of solar energy for heating and cooling. In northern countries such as Canada, where sunshine is not as strong as it is in locations to the south, passive solar heating is one of the easiest forms of solar technology to use.

One important form of passive solar design is known as ''daylighting.'' In daylighting the placement and design of windows is used to encourage natural sunlight to light the inside of a building instead of electric lights. Daylighting helps cut down on lighting costs, and many experts believe that exposure to natural rather than artificial light sources provides health benefits to humans.

Another type of passive solar system is the transpired solar collector. This is a relatively new passive solar technology made of dark perforated metal. Transpired solar collectors are used to heat buildings by heating the air. They can also cool buildings in summertime.

Active solar systems

Active systems include solar collectors (also known as solar panels), which are primarily used on solar hot water heaters; photovoltaic (PV) cells, which make electricity; and concentrated solar power systems (also known as solar thermal systems), which also make electricity but on a larger scale than PV cells.

Solar collectors are used primarily to capture solar energy for use in solar hot water heaters. However, they can also be used to provide heat in a building and even to make the energy to cool a building. While not all solar collectors are used in active solar energy systems, it is more common for solar collectors to be used in an active system than a passive system.

Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert sunlight directly into electricity inside the cell. They are more adaptable than many other types of solar energy technology. In addition to powering satellites, PV cells can be put on buildings to provide electricity for any number of uses.

They do not require direct sun to convert sunlight into electricity. There are at least five types of concentrated solar power systems that focus the sun's power to make electricity on a larger scale than PV cells. They include solar ponds, parabolic trough systems, dish systems and dish-engine systems, solar power towers, and solar furnaces. Mirrors or other reflective devices draw in as much sunlight as possible to these systems. They often track the sun as it moves through the sky in order to capture the most sunlight.

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Concentrated solar power systems usually heat water, or another fluid that is connected to a source of water, to make steam. The steam is used to drive turbines that create electricity. Concentrated solar power systems are primarily used for industrial applications and to make electricity for consumers and businesses on a wide scale.

 

¿Cómo trabaja la energía solar?

Las tecnologías de energía solar utilizan la energía que viene del sol. Dentro del sol, los átomos de hidrógeno se combinan para formar helio, y el proceso produce la extrema cantidad de calor que se siente en la tierra. El núcleo del sol tiene una temperatura de 36.000.000 °F (20.000.000 °C). La superficie del sol, llamada la fotosfera, tiene una temperatura de 10,000 °F (5,538 °C). La energía que el sol crea tiene que viajar 93.000.000 millas (150.000.000 kilómetros) para alcanzar la superficie de la Tierra.

La gente en la tierra no siente la fuerza completa del sol, porque la atmósfera superior de la tierra bloquea mucha de la energía térmica del sol. Esta energía, a veces llamada radiación, se dispersa cuando choca el vapor de agua, las moléculas de gas, y las nubes que rodean la Tierra. La luz del sol que alcanza la tierra se llama radiación directa o radiación de haz luminoso. Si la luz del sol choca algo antes de alcanzar la tierra, ésta se llama radiación difusa.

La cantidad de radiación solar que alcanza la superficie de la Tierra es más de diez mil veces la cantidad de energía que el mundo ya utilizó. Una cantidad significativa de la energía radiante del sol, el cerca de 69 por ciento, es reflejada nuevamente hacia de espacio por cosas tales como las nubes, hielo encontrado en los casquetes glaciares, tierra, y las aguas de superficie. De la energía que es absorbida por la Tierra, cerca del 70 por ciento de la absorción es hecha por los océanos. La energía solar ayuda a evitar que los océanos se congelen y empuja sus corrientes. También evita que la atmósfera de la Tierra se congele.

Tecnología solar actual

Las tecnologías solares se pueden dividir en sistemas pasivos o sistemas activos. Los proyectos de energía solar pasivos emplean solamente la luz del sol; no se utiliza ningunas otras formas de energía. Los sistemas de energía solar activos emplean mecanismos adicionales tales como bombas, sopladores, o generadores para aplicar o para agregarse a la energía solar creada. Los sistemas activos con frecuencia generan electricidad o calor. Los sistemas solares para calefacción de agua pueden ser tanto activos como pasivos.

Sistemas solares pasivos

Los sistemas solares pasivos se refieren básicamente al diseño de edificios, de hogares, y de iluminación. El diseño solar pasivo se centra en la ubicación del hogar o del edificio y en ventanas, la ventilación, y la aislación para reducir la necesidad de electricidad usando el sol. El hogar o el edificio se diseñan para maximizar el potencial de la energía solar para la calefacción y refrigeración. En países del norte tales como Canadá, donde la luz solar no es tan fuerte como lo es en localidades al sur, la calefacción solar pasiva es una de las formas más fáciles de tecnología solar a utilizar.

Una forma importante de diseño solar pasivo se conoce como "luz de día". En la "luz del día" la colocación y el diseño de ventanas se utilizan para propiciar que la luz del sol natural ilumine el interior de un edificio en vez de luces eléctricas. La "luz del día" ayuda en la reducción del costo de la iluminación, y muchos expertos creen que la exposición a fuentes de luz naturales en lugar de artificiales proporciona beneficios a la salud de los seres humanos.

Otro tipo de sistema solar pasivo es el colector solar transpirado. Esta es una relativamente nueva tecnología solar pasiva hecha de metal perforado oscuro. Los colectores solares transpirados son utilizados para calentar edificios calentando el aire. Pueden también refrescar edificios en verano.

Sistemas solares activos

Los sistemas activos incluyen los colectores solares (también conocidos como paneles solares), que se utilizan sobre todo en los calentadores de agua caliente solares; células fotovoltaicas (PV), que hacen electricidad; y sistemas eléctricos solares concentrados (también conocidos como sistemas térmicos solares), que también hacen electricidad pero en una escala más grande que las células PV.

Los colectores solares se utilizan sobre todo para capturar la energía solar para el uso en calentadores de agua caliente solares. Sin embargo, pueden también ser utilizados para proporcionar calor en un edificio e incluso para generar la energía para refrescar un edificio. Mientras que no todos los colectores solares se utilizan en sistemas de energía solar activos, es más común que los colectores solares sean utilizados en un sistema activo que en un sistema pasivo.

Las células fotovoltaicas (PV) convierten la luz del sol directamente en electricidad dentro de la célula. Son más adaptables que muchos otros tipos de tecnología de energía solar. Además de impulsar satélites, las células fotovoltaicas se pueden poner en edificios para proporcionar electricidad para cualquier número de aplicaciones.

No requieren sol directo para convertir la luz del sol en electricidad. Hay por lo menos cinco tipos de sistemas eléctricos solares concentrados que enfocan la energía del sol para hacer electricidad en una escala más grande que las células fotovoltaicas. Incluyen los estanques solares, los sistemas concentradores cilíndrico- parabólicos, los sistemas de plato y los sistemas de plato-motor, las torres de energía solar, y los hornos solares. Los espejos u otros dispositivos reflectivos captan tanta luz del sol como sea posible para estos sistemas. Siguen a menudo el sol mientras que se mueve a través del cielo para capturar la mayoría de la luz del sol.

Los sistemas eléctricos solares concentrados generalmente calientan el agua, u otro líquido que esté conectado con una fuente de agua, para hacer el vapor. El vapor se utiliza para impulsar las turbinas que crean electricidad. Los sistemas eléctricos solares concentrados se utilizan sobre todo para usos industriales y para generar electricidad para los consumidores y negocios a gran escala.

 

 

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Alpine Solar Stake With 6 Inch Diameter Blue Glass Ball

$130.00  $97.01

A Creative Addition to any Garden or Patio, this beautiful glass gazing globe is hand made with traditional blown glass. Inside is a dark-blue swirl finish with a glow-in-the-dark streak of light blue and green. The luminescent crystals in the globe capture the essence of the night sky by absorbing the light of the sun during the day and emitting it in the evening in a warm, ambient glow for up to four hours. To recharge the globe, simply bring the unit indoors and put it under any incandescent light source for several minutes and then place it back outside. Gazing Globes are a great way to enhance your garden or patio area. These beautiful creations reflect the sun and surrounding light to create a dazzling focal point. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Alpine

Alpine Solar Stake With 6 Inch Diameter Green Glass Ball

Alpine Solar Stake With 6 Inch Diameter Green Glass Ball

$120.00  $89.55

A Creative Addition to any Garden or Patio, this beautiful glass gazing globe is hand made with traditional blown glass. Inside is a dark-blue swirl finish with a glow-in-the-dark streak of light blue and green. The luminescent crystals in the globe capture the essence of the night sky by absorbing the light of the sun during the day and emitting it in the evening in a warm, ambient glow for up to four hours. To recharge the globe, simply bring the unit indoors and put it under any incandescent light source for several minutes and then place it back outside. Gazing Globes are a great way to enhance your garden or patio area. These beautiful creations reflect the sun and surrounding light to create a dazzling focal point. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Alpine

Brunton Solarflat, 15-Solar Amorphous 15wt

Brunton Solarflat, 15-Solar Amorphous 15wt

$194.98

Brunton is committed to bringing outdoor energy alternatives to the masses. For this reason we developed the SolarFlat rigid solar panel series. Mount a SolarFlat to the roof of your RV or camper and continuously charge your battery every day, or charge your boat battery while you re out on the water. The weatherproof SolarFlat does not require bright light to function properly. Instead, low-light, overcast days can still provide lots of power. Features: - Amorphous solar cells for high-low light performance - Weatherproof - Reverse flow protection - Durable aluminum frame - Link multiple like-units together for more output - Use up to five together with SolarController for perfect charge control - Includes: 10 ft. Cable, vehicle cable, battery clamps, link adapter cable (SF 15) Specifications: - Dimensions - 14 inchx48 inchx0. 75 inch - Weight - 10 lbs 2 oz - Panel type - Amorphous - Ouput - 12V - Power/current - 15 watts 1000mA [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Brunton

Brunton Solarroll 9, 9 Watt Flexible Solar Module

Brunton Solarroll 9, 9 Watt Flexible Solar Module

$480.60

Brunton s drive and desire to pioneer a line of rugged power sources led to the introduction of the first flexible solar panel, the SolarRoll. Since then, the evolution of this concept has flourished. Backed by glowing reviews in every major magazine and newspaper in this country and others, the SolarRoll has officially taken its place as one of Brunton s most talked about products. The proof, though, is in the remarkable performance. The waterproof SolarRoll has given sea kayakers the power to photograph their voyages from the far reaches of the planet. And next spring, it will assist Ed Viesturs in his final summit, Annapurna, as he polishes off the last peak of Endeavor 8000. Ideal for powering satellite phones, members of expeditions worldwide pack the SolarRoll in place of expensive extra batteries that don t offer much relief in the form of weight. Brunton realizes however, that not everyone is defying the ordinary. Some of us simply need the SolarRoll for charging our car battery or running our video camera. With this in mind, Brunton is offering alternative sizes and outputs such as the SolarRoll 4. 5 and the SolarRoll 14 to accommodate the growing demand for its most popular solar panel. Features: - Ideal for running cell phones and charging digital and video cameras - Amorphous solar cells for effective low-light performance - Reverse flow protection - Tefzel fluoropolymer construction for extreme durability - Waterproof - UV transparent - Link multiple like-units together for even more output - Rolls and stores in convenient storage tube - Includes vehicle outlet cable & multi-linking cable - 12 inchx40 inch open - 10. 6 oz - Max output: 9 watts (15. 4 Volts / 600 mA) Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Brunton

Casio G-Shock Solar Powered Atomic Watch

Casio G-Shock Solar Powered Atomic Watch

$102.92

Solar Powered Atomic Timekeeping (Automatic Receive 4x per day or manually) Shock Resistant 200M Water Resistant Auto EL Backlight World Time (30 Cities) 5 Alarms & 1 Snooze Alarm 1/100 Second Stopwatch (Elapsed Time - Split Time & Two Finish Times) Time Recorder (30 Records) Weight: 1. Average Freight: 6. 64. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Casio

Casio G-Shock Solar Powered Atomic Watch

Casio G-Shock Solar Powered Atomic Watch

$81.25

Solar Powered Atomic Timekeeping (Automatic Receive 4x per day or manually) Shock Resistant 200M Water Resistant Auto EL Backlight World Time (30 Cities) 5 Alarms & 1 Snooze Alarm 1/100 Second Stopwatch (Elapsed Time - Split Time & Two Finish Times) Time Recorder (30 Records) Weight: 1. Average Freight: 6. 20. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Casio

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E1060i All Infrared Natural Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel & Magic View Window

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E1060i All Infrared Natural Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel & Magic View Window

$9,552.00  $8,119.20

This Fire Magic Echelon Gas Grill features sleek styling with seamless control panel, double-walled tear-drop hood with warming rack, 110v hard wired electrical supply which powers the 12 volt electric hot surface ignition system with flash tubes, angled halogen internal oven lamps, and 4-zone backlit digital meat and grill thermometer in control panel. Unique solar panel powers internal lights, rotisserie motor and ignition. Features Magic View Window allowing you to view your food without lifting the lid and losing valuable heat. Also features a wood chip smoker drawer with dedicated burner, heat zone separators, feather lite easy lift hood, stainless valve manifold, polished Comfort Touch control knobs, disposable foil drip tray liners and water and rain resistant construction. Comes ready to be built in to your island opening. 4 Infrared Burners. 1056 square inches of cooking surface (48 x 22 main grilling area). Includes (2) 15, 000 BTU back burners and rotis kit. Island cut-out dimensions: 50 width x 23. 5 depth x 12 height. No hose and/or regulator assembly included. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Fire Magic

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E1060s All Infrared Propane Gas Grill With Solar Panel, Single Side Burner & Magic View Window On Cart

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E1060s All Infrared Propane Gas Grill With Solar Panel, Single Side Burner & Magic View Window On Cart

$14,257.00  $12,118.45

This Fire Magic Echelon Gas Grill features sleek styling with seamless control panel, double-walled tear-drop hood with warming rack, 110v hard wired electrical supply which powers the 12 volt electric hot surface ignition system with flash tubes, angled halogen internal oven lamps, and 4-zone backlit digital meat and grill thermometer in control panel. Unique solar panel powers internal lights, rotisserie motor and ignition. Features Magic View Window allowing you to view your food without lifting the lid and losing valuable heat. Also features a wood chip smoker drawer with dedicated burner, heat zone separators, feather lite easy lift hood, stainless valve manifold, polished Comfort Touch control knobs, disposable foil drip tray liners and water and rain resistant construction. Includes pre-assembled all stainless cabinet cart with dual storage doors inside shelves, condiment holders, sliding propane cylinder tray with latch and four lockable swivel casters. Also includes 110v power input plug to 12v power supply, sculptured curves on corners, folding paper towel holder and folding multi-tool holder. Includes flush mounted 15, 000 BTU side burner (left side) and fold down side shelf with towel bar (right side) and comes with 10 ft. Quick disconnect gas hose for natural gas models or regulator and high capacity hose for propane gas models and a heavy duty 8 foot extension cord. 4 Infrared Burners. 1056 square inches of cooking surface (48 x 22 main grilling area). Includes (2) 15, 000 BTU back burners and rotis kit. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Fire Magic

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E660i All Infrared Propane Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E660i All Infrared Propane Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel

$6,569.00  $5,583.65

This Fire Magic Echelon Gas Grill features sleek styling with seamless control panel, double-walled tear-drop hood with warming rack, 110v hard wired electrical supply which powers the 12 volt electric hot surface ignition system with flash tubes, angled halogen internal oven lamps, and 4-zone backlit digital meat and grill thermometer in control panel. Unique solar panel powers internal lights, rotisserie motor and ignition. Also features a wood chip smoker drawer with dedicated burner, heat zone separators, feather lite easy lift hood, stainless valve manifold, polished Comfort Touch control knobs, disposable foil drip tray liners and water and rain resistant construction. Comes ready to be built in to your island opening. 3 Infrared Burners. 660 square inches of cooking surface (30 x 22 main grilling area). Includes 19, 000 BTU back burner and rotis kit. Island cut-out dimensions: 31. 25 width x 23. 5 depth x 12 height. No hose and/or regulator assembly included. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Fire Magic

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E660i Natural Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel And Magic View Window

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E660i Natural Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel And Magic View Window

$6,384.00  $5,426.40

This Fire Magic Echelon Gas Grill features sleek styling with seamless control panel, double-walled tear-drop hood with warming rack, 110v hard wired electrical supply which powers the 12 volt electric hot surface ignition system with flash tubes, angled halogen internal oven lamps, and 4-zone backlit digital meat and grill thermometer in control panel. Features Magic View Window allowing you to view your food without lifting the lid and losing valuable heat. Unique solar panel powers internal lights, rotisserie motor and ignition. Also features a wood chip smoker drawer with dedicated burner, heat zone separators, feather lite easy lift hood, industry exclusive cast stainless E burners, stainless rod cooking grids, stainless valve manifold, polished Comfort Touch control knobs, disposable foil drip tray liners and water and rain resistant construction. Comes ready to be built in to your island opening. 3 main burners producing 78, 000 BTU. 660 square inches of cooking surface (30 x 22 main grilling area). Includes 19, 000 BTU back burner and rotis kit. Island cut-out dimensions: 31. 25 width x 23. 5 depth x 12 height. No hose and/or regulator assembly included. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Fire Magic

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E660i Propane Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel And Magic View Window

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E660i Propane Gas Built-In Grill With Solar Panel And Magic View Window

$6,384.00  $5,426.40

This Fire Magic Echelon Gas Grill features sleek styling with seamless control panel, double-walled tear-drop hood with warming rack, 110v hard wired electrical supply which powers the 12 volt electric hot surface ignition system with flash tubes, angled halogen internal oven lamps, and 4-zone backlit digital meat and grill thermometer in control panel. Features Magic View Window allowing you to view your food without lifting the lid and losing valuable heat. Unique solar panel powers internal lights, rotisserie motor and ignition. Also features a wood chip smoker drawer with dedicated burner, heat zone separators, feather lite easy lift hood, industry exclusive cast stainless E burners, stainless rod cooking grids, stainless valve manifold, polished Comfort Touch control knobs, disposable foil drip tray liners and water and rain resistant construction. Comes ready to be built in to your island opening. 3 main burners producing 78, 000 BTU. 660 square inches of cooking surface (30 x 22 main grilling area). Includes 19, 000 BTU back burner and rotis kit. Island cut-out dimensions: 31. 25 width x 23. 5 depth x 12 height. No hose and/or regulator assembly included. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Fire Magic

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E790s Natural Gas Grill With Solar Panel & Single Side Burner On Cart

Fire Magic Gas Grills Echelon E790s Natural Gas Grill With Solar Panel & Single Side Burner On Cart

$8,680.00  $7,378.00

This Fire Magic Echelon Gas Grill features sleek styling with seamless control panel, double-walled tear-drop hood with warming rack, 110v hard wired electrical supply which powers the 12 volt electric hot surface ignition system with flash tubes, angled halogen internal oven lamps, and 4-zone backlit digital meat and grill thermometer in control panel. Unique solar panel powers internal lights, rotisserie motor and ignition. This Fire Magic Echelon BBQ Gas Grill also features a wood chip smoker drawer with dedicated burner, heat zone separators, feather lite easy lift hood, industry exclusive cast stainless E burners, stainless rod cooking grids, stainless valve manifold, polished Comfort Touch control knobs, disposable foil drip tray liners and water and rain resistant construction. Includes pre-assembled all stainless cabinet cart with dual storage doors inside shelves, condiment holders, sliding propane cylinder tray with latch and four lockable swivel casters. Also includes 110v power input plug to 12v power supply, sculptured curves on corners, folding paper towel holder and folding multi-tool holder. Includes flush mounted 15, 000 BTU side burner (left side) and fold down side shelf with towel bar (right side) and comes with 10 ft. Quick disconnect gas hose for natural gas models or regulator and high capacity hose for propane gas models and a heavy duty 8 foot extension cord. 3 main burners producing 99, 000 BTU. 792 square inches of cooking surface (36 x 22 main grilling area). Includes 23, 000 BTU back burner and rotis kit. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Fire Magic

Better Energy Systems Solio Universal Hybrid Solar Charger

Better Energy Systems Solio Universal Hybrid Solar Charger

$39.99

Solar Charger Nokia Cell Phones Motorola Cell Phones Sony Ericsson Cell Phones Siemens Cell Phones iPods MP3 players PDAs Game Players GPS units Digital Cameras S121-G07A www.betterenergy.co.uk 12 V DC Better Energy Systems, Ltd Solio Universal Hybrid Solar Charger Better Energy Systems [Read more]

Store: The Nerds

Brand: Better Energy Systems, Llc

Brunton Solaris 6 - solar charger

Brunton Solaris 6 - solar charger

$95.99

CHARGER, SOLARIS 6WATT, FOLDABLE [Read more]

Store: The Nerds

Brand: Brunton

Brunton Solaris i6 Foldable - solar charger

Brunton Solaris i6 Foldable - solar charger

$94.99

SOLAR CHARGER, F-SOLARISi6, IPOD [Read more]

Store: The Nerds

Brand: Brunton

Brunton SolarRoll 9 - solar charger - 9 Watt

Brunton SolarRoll 9 - solar charger - 9 Watt

$213.99

Solar Charger Cell Phone MP3 Player iPod Smart Phone GPS Navigator Digital Camera Portable Game Player Two Way Radio AA Battery Charger Satellite Phone Video Camera Portable DVD Player Power Tool Charger Laptop Electric Fence Battery Radio Tuner Air Pump Portable Fan Automobile Battery Brunton Products: Solo 3.4 Solo 7.5 Solo 15 12"" Height x 40"" Width - open F-SOLARROLL9 www.brunton.com Brunton drive and desire to pioneer a line of rugged power sources led to the introduction of the first flexible solar panel, the SolarRoll 9 Solar Charger. Since then, the evolution of this concept has flourished. Backed by glowing reviews in every major magazine and newspaper in this country and others, the SolarRoll has officially taken its place as one of most talked about products. 9 W 1 Year 15.4 V DC 10.60 oz Brunton, Inc SolarRoll 9 Solar Charger Brunton 600 mA [Read more]

Store: The Nerds

Brand: Brunton

Brunton SolarRoll 14 - solar charger - 14 Watt

Brunton SolarRoll 14 - solar charger - 14 Watt

$288.99

CHARGER, SOLARIS 14WATT, FLEXIBLE [Read more]

Store: The Nerds

Brand: Brunton

Calculator, Scientific, Solar

Calculator, Scientific, Solar

$9.99

The FX-260 Scientific Calculator features 144 built-in functions, 10-digit display with 2-digit exponent, backspace key to fix entry mistakes and fraction functions. Calculator is also capable of basic scientific, exponential and trigonometric functions, and single-variable statistical calculations. Solar powered. Slide-on case is included. [Read more]

Store: The Nerds

Brand: Casio

Arch Tabletop Solar Lantern with Frosted Glass, Set of Two

Arch Tabletop Solar Lantern with Frosted Glass, Set of Two

$111.00  $86.95

-Powder coated in weathered brown -Die cast aluminum construction -Candle light LED Six glass panels -On off switch -Includes 2AA 1.2V rechargeable batteries. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Starlite Garden & Patio Torche

Exploring Our Solar System - Hand Autographed by Sally Ride

Exploring Our Solar System - Hand Autographed by Sally Ride

$34.95

Exploring Our Solar System - Hand Autographed by Sally Rideby Sally Ride and Tam O'ShaughnessyExploring Our Solar System is the latest book by the awarding-winning team of Sally Ride and Tam O'Shaughnessy. The mysteries of space are endless, but some of the most extraordinary places in the universe can be found right in our own solar system. In this book, you'll take a thrilling tour of our solar system, starting with the birth of our Sun. From the four terrestrial planets-with a special stop at our unique, life-supporting Earth-through the Asteroid Belt to the four giant planets, tiny Pluto, and beyond. With the latest research from telescopes and spacecraft and over 120 stunning photographs and helpful diagrams, this is the definitive guide to our solar system.NSTA/CBC Outstanding Science Trade Book for ChildrenFeatures:Hand Autographed by Sally Ride For readers ages 9 and up Hardcover8 3/4x 11 5/8 110 pages [Read more]

Store: The Space Store

Our Solar System

Our Solar System

$19.95

The full-color photographs and illustrations are spectacular. Each of the planets gets several pages of coverage, with comets, meteors, and asteroids also receiving attention. This book serves best as an introduction to the single topic books since the information presented here is quite brief. The endpapers have a nicely organized chart of useful statistics such as diameter, rotation period, revolution period, etc., for each planet. Not sufficient in itself for most report needs, this title's eye-catching illustrations and understandable text should encourage young readers to look for further information. Hardcover, 64 pages. Grades 3-6. [Read more]

Store: The Space Store

Our Amazing Solar System

Our Amazing Solar System

$19.95

The Grand TourFeaturing the amazing picture and sound quality that only DVD can offer, this fully-narrated video reveals new worlds beyond our imagination. This is the epic adventure, as never before presented, a captivating program featuring the latest and best visuals from the golden age of space exploration.An Epic AdventureWith supercomputer visualizations, you will soar over the volcano-scarred landscape of Venus and journey to the Grand Canyon of Mars. Experience the eerie majesty of the giant outer planets and their amazing moons, unique gems in this wondrous solar system we call home. From comets to solar flares, from the scorched surface of Mercury to the frozen outer worlds of Neptune and Triton, this is the complete video saga of our amazing solar system.Special Features:Incredible Digital Picture and Sound Interactive Menus Chapter Search Bonus Video - On Robot Wings - flying by the planets! Screen Saver for your PC or Mac computer Internet Resources DVD 90 minutes. Color. Stereo. Recommended for ages 8 and older [Read more]

Store: The Space Store

Our Solar System Place Mat

Our Solar System Place Mat

$3.95

Our Solar System Place MatBeautifully-illustrated, educational placemat brings an added dimension to mealtime. Borders are filled facts, and information. Made of durable polypropylene and are PVC free, the 11"" x 17"" placemat easily wipes clean after every meal. Conforms to both U.S. and European safety standards. Ages 1 to 8 [Read more]

Store: The Space Store

Planetology: Unlocking the Secrets of the Solar System (Hardcover)

Planetology: Unlocking the Secrets of the Solar System (Hardcover)

$34.95  $32.95

Planetology: Unlocking the Secrets of the Solar System (Hardcover)Noted planetary geologist Ellen Stofan and veteran astronaut Tom Jones pair images of Earthmany captured by space shuttle and space station crewmemberswith astonishing scenes of alien surfaces beamed home by NASAs far-ranging robotic probes. Vivid illustrations of searing lava plains, windswept deserts, and stark craters demonstrate how natural forces have shaped these varied landscapes. This comprehensive new portrait of the solar system brings to light an array of important features never seen until todayand it highlights, for the first time, the similarities and contrasts between Earth and its neighbors in space.In a stunning and completely new view of the solar system, an astronaut and a geologist team up to investigate, through parallel views made possible by cutting-edge space technology, how the earth itself can help science unravel the mysteries of the heavens.Anecdotal stories from space flights and exploratory missions make Planetology an absorbing read as well as an informative resource. The books unique concept draws intriguing comparisons across multiple physical processes, and its dynamic design offers a fresh approach to the study of space. With extensive media and science experience and contacts for both authors, Planetology is positioned for stellar success.Book Details:Hardcover: 224 pages Publisher: National Geographic; illustrated edition edition (November 18, 2008) Language: English Book Dimensions: 10.2 x 10.1 x 1 inches [Read more]

Store: The Space Store

Emperor Solar Light Set, Set of Four

Emperor Solar Light Set, Set of Four

$150.00  $131.95

Black finish with frosted lens. Includes ground stake and deck/wall mounting bracket. No wiring is required. Assembles and installs in seconds. At night, the light turns on automatically. Four Light Set. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Brinkmann

Mirage Hanging Solar Light, Set of Two

Mirage Hanging Solar Light, Set of Two

$78.00  $67.95

Mirage Series rechargeable hanging garden lights. New LED technology for extra long run times. Aluminum hanging hook is adjustable. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Brinkmann

Emperor Solar Light, Set of Two

Emperor Solar Light, Set of Two

$85.00  $73.95

Black finish with frosted lens. Includes ground stake and deck/wall mounting bracket. No wiring is required. Assembles and installs in seconds. At night, the light turns on automatically. Two Light Set. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Brinkmann

Kettle Lantern Solar Accent Lights, Set of Four

Kettle Lantern Solar Accent Lights, Set of Four

$184.00  $161.95

These beautifully designed, solar garden accent lights feature the L.E.D. technology for extra-long run times and special internal reflectors to enhance and distribute light evenly. No wiring is required - they assemble and install in seconds! The solar panel converts sunlight into electricity and charges the rechargeable battery during the day. At night, the light turns on automatically. Steel finish with frosted bubble glass lens. 4 light set. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Brinkmann

Kettle Lantern Solar Light, Set of Two

Kettle Lantern Solar Light, Set of Two

$95.00  $83.95

These beautifully designed, solar garden accent lights feature the L.E.D. technology for extra-long run times and special internal reflectors to enhance and distribute light evenly. No wiring is required - they assemble and install in seconds! The solar panel converts sunlight into electricity and charges the rechargeable battery during the day. At night, the light turns on automatically. Steel finish with frosted bubble glass lens. 2 light set. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Brinkmann

Moderna Solar Light, Set of Four

Moderna Solar Light, Set of Four

$140.00  $123.95

These beautifully designed, solar garden accent lights feature the L.E.D. technology for extra-long run times and special internal reflectors to enhance and distribute light evenly. No wiring is required - they assemble and install in seconds! The solar panel converts sunlight into electricity and charges the rechargeable battery during the day. At night, the light turns on automatically. Verde finish with frosted lens. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Brinkmann

Moderna Solar Light, Set of Two

Moderna Solar Light, Set of Two

$74.00  $64.95

Black finish with Frosted lens. Includes Ground Stake. No wiring is required. Assembles and installs in seconds. At night, the light turns on automatically. Two Light Set. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Brinkmann

Black Solar LED Outdoor Wall Light

Black Solar LED Outdoor Wall Light

$188.00  $160.00

This beautiful wall fitting solar light comes ready to install to add a great feature to your home. It uses a special patented cone reflector to make the light brighter. This all alluminium construction wall light will illuminate your garden with our energy efficient, super-bright LEDs. The gas-light design of our solar lamp is classic and adds an elegant appeal to your front or back yard. Using efficient solar-powered technology, the solar lamp lights receive their energy from built-in batteries charged daily by the sun, which in turn light the 8 super-bright LED bulbs. Each solar lamp post has real beveled glass panes that add to the late 19th Century appeal. No maintenance is required with the powder-coated cast-aluminum solar lamp posts that are weather resistant and won?t rust. Worry-free, the solar lamp turns on automatically at dusk and off at dawn. There is also a manual on/off switch for your convenience. -Rechargeable battery: Ni-Cd -Voltage: 4 x 1.2V AA -Charging Capacity: 600mAh -Lamp type: Super Bright LED -Power Source: Mono Crystalline Solar Cell -Light Duration: Up to 2 nights [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Gama Sonic

Arch Tabletop Solar Lantern with Clear Glass, Set of Two

Arch Tabletop Solar Lantern with Clear Glass, Set of Two

$111.00  $86.95

-Powder coated in weathered brown -Die cast aluminum construction -Candle light LED Six glass panels -On off switch -Includes 2AA 1.2V rechargeable batteries. [Read more]

Store: Bellacor.com

Brand: Starlite Garden & Patio Torche

Powerfilm R-28 28w Rollable Solar Panel Charger

Powerfilm R-28 28w Rollable Solar Panel Charger

$499.99

PowerFilm R-28 Weight: 0. 6 lbs Operating Voltage: 15. 4 Operating Current: 1. 8 Rolled Dimensions: 4 x 14. 5 UnRolled Dimensions: 14. 5 x 79. 75 Ultra Light - Ultra Thin - Easy to Use PowerFilm and reg; integrated solar panels - thin film on plastic - are developed and manufactured with a proprietary roll process and they are truly rollable unlike other thin film technologies that are only somewhat flexible. PowerFilm solar panels are all monolithically integrated which eliminates the need for damage-prone manual connections of individual solar cells. PowerFilm is made of silicon, a natural resource in abundant supply. PowerFilm is Cadmium Free, unlike some other solar technologies, and performs well in diverse environments, including hot sun, and does not suffer from wasted over-voltage. Includes RA-2 - 12v Femail Cigarette Lighter Adapter - RA-11 - 15ft. Extension Cord with O-ring Battery Terminal Connectors - [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: PowerFilm

PowerFilm AA Battery Solar Panel Charger

PowerFilm AA Battery Solar Panel Charger

$121.40

AA Charger Ultra compact, ultra lightweight and yet very durable, the PowerFilm AA Foldable Solar Charger is ideal for everyday use. Charging either 2 AA batteries in 3 1/3 hours of full sun or 4 AA batteries in 6 2/3 hours of full sun, the AA Foldable Solar Charger provides highly-effective battery charging. Proprietary charging circuitry maximizes charge into the batteries, and charging lights indicate charging status and charge completion. The lightweight and durable PowerFilm flexible solar panels are integrated directly onto the fabric, keeping the weight of the charger to less than four spare batteries. Six grommets are built into the charger to allow for secure fastening to a pack or to the ground. Operating Voltage: 3. 6 Operating Current: 0. 6 Weight - Ounces -: 4. 18 - Without batteries - Folded Dimensions: 5. 5 x 3. 3 x 1. 4 Unfolded Dimensions: 5. 5 x 31. 5 [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: PowerFilm

PowerFilm F15-3600 60w Folding Solar Panel Charger

PowerFilm F15-3600 60w Folding Solar Panel Charger

$1,350.00

PowerFilm F15-3600 The Powerfilm 60 Watt Foldable Solar Charger - F15 - 3600 - , the largest in the Foldable Solar chargers is very lightweight considering the power it produces. It weighs only 2. 6 lbs and produces 3. 6 Amps at 15. 4 Volts. Folded Weight: 2. 6 lbs Operating Voltage: 15. 4 Operating Current: 3. 6 Folded Dimensions: 10. 3 x 8. 9 x 2. 8 Unfolded Dimensions: 60 x 42 Output Cord and connectors All PowerFilm and reg; authorized accessories include marine-grade components with connectors that match the PowerFilm and reg; Series output cord. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: PowerFilm

Solar System Lunchbox

Solar System Lunchbox

$14.95

Solar System LunchboxSchool lunches can now be more fun than ever with this great designed, high-quality Solar System lunch box.We have given special attention to make certain that the lunchboxes currently offered by Crocodile Creek do conform to the current U.S. & European Consumer Product Safety Standards as well as FDA recommendations. This lunchbox is child safe, with lead-free linings and are Phthalate and PVC free.Ages 3 and up Lunch box is 10""w x 7.5""h x 3""d. Child Safe Handwash in warm water with mild soap and soft cloth No abrasives or heat [Read more]

Store: The Space Store

Spy Point Solar Panel Recharger

Spy Point Solar Panel Recharger

$39.99

Solar panel with aluminium tripod. Can be used to recharge lithium battery directly into IR-B and IR-C camera. Can also recharge any 12-volt battery. [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Spy Point

Moultrie Feeders 6 Volt Solar Panel

Moultrie Feeders 6 Volt Solar Panel

$23.00  $19.95

Solar Power Deer Feeder Batery Charger- To ensure a continued source of power for your Moultrie Feeders, this constant trickle charger is ideal for areas in which charging feeder batteries may not be convenient. Chargers will not over charge your battery. 6-Volt DC Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty Warranty: One year warranty [Read more]

Store: ShoppersChoice.com

Brand: Moultrie Feeders

Hunter Lighting Hunter SunLight Solar LED Light - Green - 45116

Hunter Lighting Hunter SunLight Solar LED Light - Green - 45116

$22.99

Shine Some Light on Things with this Lantern, Plastic, LED Bulb, Solar-Powered, Compact Design, [Read more]

Store: eCOST.com

Brand: Hunter Lighting

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Emerging solar technologies

There are several technologies being developed that bypass mirrors and collectors to capture the sun. Solar paints contain conductive polymers, extremely small semiconducting wires, or quantum dots. Such paints could be used to coat any surface and turn it into an electrical generator. Other companies are working on similar technologies for plastics. Rolls of plastic are coated with an electricity-generating film. The plastic could be spread over roofs or other surfaces to convert sunlight into electricity.

The use of solar energy to cool homes and buildings is another area under more development. Such systems use solar panels to produce electricity. These panels power a pump connected to an absorber machine. This machine works something like a refrigerator.

The absorber employs hot air to compress a gas. When this gas expands, it causes a reaction that cools the air. Solar thermal coolers are expected to reach the commercial market in the early twenty-first century.

Many new solar technologies are still in the experimental stage. One possibility is solar-powered air flights. Another is a different kind of solar lighting, in which a building's interior is lit by a parabolic collector on the roof. This collector is connected to the interior by fiber optic light pipes. Such a system would make its own electricity to power the lights.

Benefits and drawbacks to solar energy

One of the primary benefits to solar energy is that it is a renewable resource. Sunshine is available everywhere free. There is no limit to its renewability, at least not until the sun burns itself out billions of years from now. Solar energy also does not contribute to pollution and thus is considered a ''clean'' energy source. Using it produces no greenhouse gases and thus does not contribute to global warming.

The biggest drawback to using solar energy is the cost of the technology. Solar photovoltaic cells and solar collectors are still very expensive. While the technology may become cheaper over time, it is still costly when compared to the amount of energy it will produce over its use cycle. Similarly, it is very expensive to build solar power towers and furnaces. Using such technology to generate power on a wide scale is too expensive to be used realistically, at least as of the early twenty-first century.

Another major problem with solar technology is that solar energy is not available on demand in every location on Earth.

Heavy cloud cover can limit the use of some solar energy systems. Some systems cannot be used at all if direct sunlight is not available. In most areas of the world, only low-power solar energy applications can be used because of the lack of direct sunlight.

For large-scale projects such as solar power towers and solar furnaces, or even smaller-scale projects such as solar ponds, dish systems, and trough systems, large areas of land are needed. In the desert, where a number of these systems are currently located, the solar technology that is put there to capture the intense sunshine is considered unsightly by some people.

Environmental impact of solar energy

Solar energy can have both positive and negative effects on the environment. On the positive side, most solar technologies are environmentally friendly. They do not pollute the atmosphere by emitting (giving off) greenhouse gases, they do not produce radioactive waste like nuclear energy reactors, and they do not contribute to global warming or acid rain. Most solar energy systems are silent or quiet when they operate, which cuts down on noise pollution. If solar technologies that make electricity on a significant scale can be adopted, many countries can lessen their dependence on electricity produced by fossil fuels. This change could decrease the amount of environmental pollution in the world.

However, solar energy technologies are not perfect. In addition to large-scale projects negatively affecting the landscape, these solar technologies can negatively affect the animal life around them. Big dish systems, trough systems, and power towers take up land that animals live on and affect their habitats. The very building of these projects can pollute otherwise pristine (clean) lands, even if the solar technology itself does not. Also, while the use of solar technology does not pollute the environment, the manufacture of certain types of solar technology can.

Tecnologías solares emergentes

Hay varias tecnologías que están siendo desarrolladas que no recurren a los espejos y los colectores para capturar el sol. Las pinturas solares contienen polímeros conductores, los alambres semiconductores extremadamente pequeños, o los puntos de quántum. Tales pinturas se podrían utilizar para cubrir cualquier superficie y transformarla en un generador eléctrico. Otras compañías están trabajando en tecnologías similares para los plásticos. Rollos de plástico son cubiertos con una película generadora de electricidad. El plástico podría ser extendido por azoteas u otras superficies para convertir luz del sol en electricidad.

El uso de la energía solar para refrigerar hogares y edificios es también otra área en desarrollo. Tales sistemas utilizan paneles solares para producir electricidad. Los estos paneles accionan una bomba conectada con una máquina de absorción. Esta máquina funciona un poco como un refrigerador.

El producto absorbente emplea el aire caliente para comprimir un gas. Cuando este gas se expande, causa una reacción que refresca el aire. Se espera que los refrigeradores térmicos solares alcancen el mercado comercial éste siglo.

Muchas tecnologías solares nuevas todavía están en la etapa experimental. Una posibilidad es de vuelos aéreos con impulsión solar. Otra es una variante de iluminación solar, en la cual el interior de un edificio es iluminado por un colector parabólico en la azotea. Este colector es conectado con el interior por cañerías de fibra óptica ligeras. Tal sistema crearía su propia electricidad para encender las luces.

Ventajas y desventajas a la energía solar

Una de las ventajas primarias a la energía solar es que es un recurso renovable. La luz del sol está disponible por todas partes libremente. No hay límite a su renovabilidad, por lo menos hasta que el sol se apague en unos mil millones de años de ahora en adelante. La energía solar tampoco contribuye a la contaminación y así se la considera una fuente de energía "limpia". Su uso no produce ningún gas de efecto invernadero y no contribuye así al calentamiento del planeta.

La desventaja más grande de usar energía solar es el coste de la tecnología. Las células fotovoltaicas solares y los colectores solares siguen siendo muy costosos. Mientras que la tecnología pueda llegar a ser más barata en un cierto plazo, es todavía costosa al ser comparada con la cantidad de energía que se produciría sobre su ciclo del uso. Similarmente, es muy costoso construir torres y hornos de energía solar. El uso de tal tecnología para generar energía a gran escala es demasiado costosa para ser utilizada en forma realista, por lo menos hasta la fecha en éste siglo.

Otro problema grave con tecnología solar es que la energía solar no está disponible a pedido en cada localización en la tierra.

Una gruesa cubierta de nubes puede limitar el uso de algunos sistemas de energía solar. Algunos sistemas no se pueden utilizar en absoluto si la luz del sol directa no está disponible. En la mayoría de las áreas del mundo, solamente los usos de energía solar de baja potencia se pueden utilizar debido a la carencia de la luz del sol directa.

Para los proyectos en gran escala tales como torres de energía solar y hornos solares, o aún en proyectos menor escala tales como estanques solares, sistemas de plato, y sistemas concentradores solares, áreas extensas de tierra son necesarias. En el desierto, en donde un número apreciable de estos sistemas se localizan actualmente, la tecnología solar que se instala allí para capturar la luz de sol intensa es considerada antiestética por alguna gente.

Consecuencias para el medio ambiente de la energía solar

La energía solar puede tener efectos positivos y negativos sobre el medio ambiente. En el lado positivo, la mayoría de las tecnologías solares son respetuosas del medio ambiente. No contaminan la atmósfera emitiendo los gases de efecto invernadero, no producen desechos radioactivos como los reactores de energía nuclear, y no contribuyen al calentamiento del planeta o a la lluvia ácida. La mayoría de los sistemas de energía solar son silenciosos o estables cuando funcionan, lo que reduce la contaminación por ruido. Si las tecnologías solares que generan electricidad en una escala significativa pueden ser adoptadas, muchos países podrían disminuir su dependencia de la electricidad producida por los combustibles fósiles. Este cambio podría disminuir la cantidad de contaminación ambiental en el mundo.

Sin embargo, las tecnologías de energía solar no son perfectas. Además de los proyectos en gran escala que afectan negativamente al paisaje, estas tecnologías solares pueden afectar negativamente a la vida animal alrededor de ellos. Los sistemas grandes de plato, los sistemas concentradores convexos, y las torres de energía ocupan la tierra en donde los animales viven y afectan a su hábitat. La construcción misma de estos proyectos puede contaminar tierras de otra manera prístinas (limpias), incluso si no lo hace la tecnología solar por sí misma. También, mientras que el uso de la tecnología solar no contamina el ambiente, la fabricación de ciertos tipos de tecnología solar lo puede hacer.